{"id":5339,"date":"2026-06-15T14:13:40","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T12:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/litigation\/"},"modified":"2026-08-29T17:16:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:16:06","slug":"litigation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/en\/litigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Litigation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_24_24 et_flex_column_24_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<section class=\"et_pb_fullwidth_header_0 et_pb_fullwidth_header et_pb_bg_layout_dark et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_fullwidth_header_container left\"><div class=\"header-content-container center\"><div class=\"header-content et_flex_module\"><h1 class=\"et_pb_module_header\">Litigation <wbr>management.<\/wbr><\/h1><div class=\"et_pb_header_content_wrapper\"><p>Strategic representation before state courts and arbitral tribunals \u2014 in complex commercial disputes.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_header_button_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button et_pb_more_button et_pb_button_one\" href=\"#termincta\">Discuss dispute<\/a><a class=\"et_pb_button et_pb_more_button et_pb_button_two\" href=\"#leistungsspektrum\">Service Spectrum<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_fullwidth_header_overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_fullwidth_header_scroll\"><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_1 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_1 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_1 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_8_24 et_flex_column_8_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Classification<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_2 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_16_24 et_flex_column_16_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_1 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2>Being right. <em>Prevailing<\/em> legally. <\/h2>\n<p>Disputes cannot always be avoided \u2014 but they can be won. The prerequisites are a clear strategy, precise file work, and negotiating power. <\/p>\n<p>We represent companies, shareholders, and family offices in complex commercial law proceedings \u2014 before state courts, in arbitration proceedings, and in mediations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_2 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\" id=\"leistungsspektrum\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_2 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_3 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_8_24 et_flex_column_8_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_2 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Service Spectrum<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_4 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_16_24 et_flex_column_16_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_3 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2>What we <em>handle<\/em> for you.<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_3 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_5 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_8_24 et_flex_column_8_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone eck-rahmen\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_4 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em><span class=\"leistungen-nbr\">01<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Commercial Disputes<\/h4>\n<p>Contractual and damage claims, preliminary legal protection, injunctions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_6 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_8_24 et_flex_column_8_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone eck-rahmen\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_5 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em><span class=\"leistungen-nbr\">02<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Post-M&A Disputes<\/h4>\n<p>Breaches of warranty, purchase price adjustments, earn-out disputes, MAC clauses.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_7 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_8_24 et_flex_column_8_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone eck-rahmen\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_6 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em><span class=\"leistungen-nbr\">03<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Shareholder Dispute<\/h4>\n<p>Disputes between shareholders, director and officer liability, exclusion and redemption issues.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_8 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_8_24 et_flex_column_8_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone eck-rahmen\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_7 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em><span class=\"leistungen-nbr\">04<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Arbitration Proceedings<\/h4>\n<p>DIS, ICC, LCIA \u2014 ad-hoc and institutional.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_9 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_8_24 et_flex_column_8_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone eck-rahmen\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_8 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em><span class=\"leistungen-nbr\">05<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Banking and Finance Disputes<\/h4>\n<p>Loan collateral, covenants, termination and repayment of financing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_10 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_8_24 et_flex_column_8_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone eck-rahmen\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_9 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em><span class=\"leistungen-nbr\">06<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Real Estate and Project Disputes<\/h4>\n<p>Construction and architectural law, project development, commercial lease and rental agreements.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_3 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_4 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_11 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_2_5 et_flex_column_2_5_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_10 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Who we work for<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_11 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2>Clients seeking <em>clarity.<\/em><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"et_pb_icon_list_0 et_pb_icon_list et_pb_module et_flex_module\">\n<li class=\"et_pb_icon_list_item_0 et_pb_icon_list_item et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">K<\/span><div class=\"et_pb_icon_list_text\">Medium-sized enterprises<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"et_pb_icon_list_item_1 et_pb_icon_list_item et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">K<\/span><div class=\"et_pb_icon_list_text\">subsidiaries of corporate groups<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"et_pb_icon_list_item_2 et_pb_icon_list_item et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">K<\/span><div class=\"et_pb_icon_list_text\">Shareholders & Family Offices<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"et_pb_icon_list_item_3 et_pb_icon_list_item et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">K<\/span><div class=\"et_pb_icon_list_text\">Private Equity Investors<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"et_pb_icon_list_item_4 et_pb_icon_list_item et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">K<\/span><div class=\"et_pb_icon_list_text\">Managing Directors and Shareholders<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"et_pb_icon_list_item_5 et_pb_icon_list_item et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">K<\/span><div class=\"et_pb_icon_list_text\">Corporate bodies and committees<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_12 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_3_5 et_flex_column_3_5_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_12 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Our Approach<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_13 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2>How we <em>work.<\/em><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_code_0 et_pb_code et_pb_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_code_inner\"><section class=\"values-section\">\n        <div class=\"values-grid\">\n            \n            <div class=\"value-card\">\n                <h3 class=\"value-title\">Strategic<\/h3>\n                <p class=\"value-text\">Every dispute begins with a clear analysis of the prospects of success, risks, and options for action.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"value-card\">\n                <h3 class=\"value-title\">Economic<\/h3>\n                <p class=\"value-text\">We consistently align litigation and settlement strategies with your economic goals.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"value-card\">\n                <h3 class=\"value-title\">Integrated<\/h3>\n                <p class=\"value-text\">We consider corporate law, M&A, real estate, and finance law from the outset \u2013 for holistic representation.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"value-card\">\n                <h3 class=\"value-title\">Confident<\/h3>\n                <p class=\"value-text\">Whether before state courts or in arbitration proceedings: We represent your interests resolutely while maintaining confidentiality, reputation, and business secrets.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_4 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_5 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_13 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_24_24 et_flex_column_24_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_14 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span>Process<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_15 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>From the first conversation to the <br \/><em>conclusion.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_divider_0 et_pb_divider et_pb_space et_pb_divider_position_top et_pb_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_divider_internal\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_6 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_14 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_1_5 et_flex_column_12_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_16 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>I<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_17 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Exploration<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_18 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Facts, evidence, prospects of success.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_15 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_1_5 et_flex_column_12_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_19 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>II<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_20 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Strategy<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_21 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Pace & negotiating room.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_16 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_1_5 et_flex_column_12_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_22 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>III<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_23 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Pleadings<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_24 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Lawsuit, response, offers of evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_17 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_1_5 et_flex_column_12_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_25 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>IV<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_26 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Negotiation<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_27 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Oral hearing, taking of evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_18 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_1_5 et_flex_column_12_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_28 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>V<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_29 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Settlement or Judgment<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_30 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Enforcement, follow-up proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_5 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\" id=\"leistungsspektrum\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_7 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_19 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_8_24 et_flex_column_8_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_31 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Insights<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_20 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_16_24 et_flex_column_16_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_32 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2>Clarity in <em>a few minutes<\/em>.<\/h2>\n<p>Representation before state courts and arbitral tribunals in complex commercial disputes<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_8 et_pb_row et_grid_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_21 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_0 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_flex_module\" data-interaction-trigger=\"3kghft7uhi\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Nikita.00_00_00_00.Standbild001.jpg\" alt=\"A man in a blue shirt sitting in front of a neutral background, with the title From Lawyer to Entrepreneur\" title=\"Nikita.00_00_00_00.Still001\" width=\"720\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Nikita.00_00_00_00.Standbild001.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Nikita.00_00_00_00.Standbild001-480x853.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 720px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-3850\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_22 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_image_1 et_pb_image et_pb_module et_flex_module\" data-interaction-trigger=\"krh0u99yjz\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/VERTRAUEN.png\" alt=\"A house of cards in front of a dark background with the title When Trust Goes\" title=\"TRUST\" width=\"1144\" height=\"2048\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/VERTRAUEN.png 1144w, https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/VERTRAUEN-980x1754.png 980w, https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/VERTRAUEN-480x859.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1144px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-3603\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_9 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_25 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_24_24 et_flex_column_24_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_slider_0 et_pb_slider et_pb_slider_fullwidth_off et_pb_module et_flex_module video-slider-mobile\"><div class=\"et_pb_slides\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_slide_0 et_pb_slide et_pb_slide_with_image et_pb_slide_with_video et_pb_media_alignment_center et_pb_bg_layout_light poster-1\" data-slide-id=\"divi\/slide-0\"><div class=\"et_pb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_slider_container_inner\"><div class=\"et_pb_slide_video\"><video controls><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/QANDA-002-v2-LINKEDIN.mp4\" \/><\/video><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_slide_description et_flex_module\"><h2 class=\"et_pb_slide_title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/en\/reel-d3-n-s15r3-exit\/\" target=\"\" class=\"et_pb_slide_title_link\">Who is the right lawyer for you?<\/a><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_slide_1 et_pb_slide et_pb_slide_with_image et_pb_slide_with_video et_pb_media_alignment_center et_pb_bg_layout_light poster-2\" data-slide-id=\"divi\/slide-1\"><div class=\"et_pb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_slider_container_inner\"><div class=\"et_pb_slide_video\"><video controls><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/D7-07-I-N-REEL-003-KRIEG.mp4\" \/><\/video><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_slide_description et_flex_module\"><h2 class=\"et_pb_slide_title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/en\/reel-d3-n-s15r3-exit\/\" target=\"\" class=\"et_pb_slide_title_link\">Regulation missing, war begins.<\/a><\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_code_1 et_pb_code et_pb_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_code_inner\"><script>document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function () {\n\n    const posterMap = {\n        \"poster-1\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/NIKITA-THUMBNAIL-scaled.png\",\n        \"poster-2\": \"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/VERTRAUEN.png\",\n    };\n  \n  Object.keys(posterMap).forEach(key => {\n    const video = document.querySelector(`.${key} video`);\n    console.log(video);\n    if(video){\n      video.setAttribute(\"poster\", posterMap[key]);\n    }\n  });\n});\n<\/script><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_6 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_10 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_26 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_2_5 et_flex_column_2_5_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_33 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>FAQ<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_34 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2>Frequently Asked <em>Questions.<\/em><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_35 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Do you have a specific question? We respond within 24 hours. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_27 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_3_5 et_flex_column_3_5_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_0 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">Which court is responsible for a lawsuit \u2013 Local Court or Regional Court?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>Jurisdiction is primarily determined by the value in dispute. Since January 1, 2026, the Local Courts (Amtsgerichte) are responsible for values up to EUR 10,000; above that, the Regional Courts (Landgerichte) usually decide. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_1 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">What does the right of audience mean and why is it practically relevant?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>The right of audience (Postulationsf\u00e4higkeit) describes who is permitted to appear in court. Before the Local Court, parties can generally appear themselves; before the Regional Court, legal representation is mandatory \u2013 pleadings and motions must be submitted by a lawyer. In proceedings before the Local Court, parties can theoretically sue or defend themselves; in practice, however, this can lead to formal errors, missed deadlines, or insufficient submissions that decide the case.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_2 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">What is a typical error when filing a lawsuit?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>Often, the claim is not clearly quantified or the prayer for relief is formulated unclearly, which can lead to inadmissibility or dismissal.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_3 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">Why is the prayer for relief more important than the facts of the case?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>The court may only award what has been requested. A convincing set of facts does not help if the motion is legally or mathematically incorrectly drafted. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_4 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">What does \"conclusive submission\" mean in civil proceedings?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>A submission is conclusive if \u2013 assuming all facts were true \u2013 the asserted claim legally exists. If this is missing, the case is lost without the taking of evidence. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_5 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">Who must prove what \u2013 and why is that decisive?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>In principle, each party must prove the facts from which it derives rights. Many lawsuits fail not on the law, but on the burden of proof. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_6 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">When is a dunning procedure useful?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>For undisputed or low-conflict monetary claims, such as open invoices without serious objections.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_7 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">How do arbitration proceedings and normal court litigation differ?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>State court litigation takes place before state courts on a statutory basis and is subject to fixed procedural rules, in particular the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO). In contrast, arbitration requires a valid arbitration agreement between the parties and replaces state jurisdiction with a privately organized decision-making process. While a judge decides in state proceedings, the parties in arbitration select the arbitrators themselves, often with specific technical or industry-specific expertise.  <\/p>\n<p>Arbitration offers parties significantly greater flexibility in designing the proceedings, such as regarding the language of the proceedings, location, schedule, and taking of evidence. State court proceedings, on the other hand, are more formalized and less adaptable. Regarding duration, arbitration can be efficient, especially for complex or international matters, but it is not automatically faster than state proceedings, which can be extended through several instances.  <\/p>\n<p>A significant difference lies in costs and publicity. Arbitration is regularly more cost-intensive, as arbitrator fees and institutional fees are incurred in addition to legal fees. State court proceedings are comparatively less expensive, as the judiciary is state-funded. Court proceedings are generally public, while arbitration takes place privately and thus offers a high degree of confidentiality, which is particularly important in economically sensitive disputes.   <\/p>\n<p>Regarding legal remedies, both procedures differ considerably. Appeals and revisions are regularly available against judgments of state courts. Arbitral awards, however, are largely final and can only be set aside in narrow exceptional cases, such as serious procedural defects. An advantage of arbitration lies in international enforceability: arbitral awards are easier to enforce in many states than state judgments due to international conventions. Overall, an arbitral tribunal primarily offers confidentiality, flexibility, and international enforceability, while state court litigation is characterized by lower costs, formal legal certainty, and a full sequence of instances.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_8 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">What is the KapMuG and when is it applied?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>The Capital Investor Model Proceedings Act (KapMuG) bundles similar claims of many investors, for example in the case of incorrect capital market information, prospectus liability, or ad-hoc duty breaches. The goal is to clarify central legal and factual questions uniformly in a model proceeding to avoid contradictory decisions. Individual initial proceedings are stayed and continued after the conclusion of the model proceeding.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_9 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">How are legal services billed in litigation \u2013 does at least the RVG apply?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>In court proceedings, billing according to the Lawyers' Remuneration Act (RVG) is the statutory minimum standard. Deviating remuneration agreements (e.g., hourly rates) are permissible, but may not fall below the statutory fees insofar as they concern recoverable costs in the cost assessment procedure. This means: even with an individual fee agreement, the cost burden of the losing party is regularly based on the RVG.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_10 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">Can court hearings take place online?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>Yes. According to \u00a7 128a ZPO, the court can permit parties, representatives, or witnesses to participate in the oral hearing via video transmission. The prerequisite is a corresponding order or consent from the court. The online hearing replaces the physical appearance but maintains procedural principles; it is particularly relevant for supra-regional or international participants.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_11 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">Must a party appear in person and what applies in the case of representation?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>The court can order the personal appearance of a party, especially for the clarification of facts or discussion of a settlement. If a representative appears instead of the party, they must be equipped with a special power of attorney according to \u00a7 141 para. 3 ZPO, which expressly authorizes them to make declarations and conclude a settlement. If this is missing, the court can impose administrative measures or adjourn the hearing.   <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_12 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">Why do disputes from earn-out regulations arise particularly frequently in M&A transactions?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>Earn-outs link a portion of the purchase price to the future development of the company, such as revenue, EBITDA, or KPI targets. Disputes often arise because the parties have different expectations regarding the controllability of the target figures, management after closing, and the economic interpretation of the metrics. Typical points of conflict include changes in business strategy by the buyer, shifting of costs or revenues, accounting and valuation issues, and unclear regulations regarding the seller's information and control rights. Additionally, earn-outs regularly run over several years, and external factors \u2013 market changes, investment decisions, or group-internal measures \u2013 can influence target achievement. Imprecise definitions and missing dispute resolution mechanisms therefore make earn-out regulations particularly prone to conflict.    <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_13 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">How do I correctly defend myself against the redemption of company shares in corporate law?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>Defending against a corporate law redemption requires early and tactically coordinated action, as redemption resolutions are often passed at short notice and executed immediately. The goal is to prevent facts from being created through resolutions, register filings, or new shareholder lists before a judicial clarification is possible. First, it must be checked whether the statutory requirements for redemption are actually met, particularly grounds for redemption, procedural requirements, and necessary majorities. In parallel, it should be assessed whether the redemption resolution must be challenged by way of interim legal protection to provisionally stop its execution or registration implementation. This is particularly relevant if voting rights are to be withdrawn, management powers changed, or new shareholder lists submitted as a result of the redemption. Since summary proceedings are often decided without an oral hearing, it is crucial that one's own view of things is presented to the court in a timely manner. Otherwise, there is a risk that the court will decide solely on the basis of the opponent's submission and irreversible consequences will occur, even if the redemption is later found to be unlawful.      <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_14 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">What is the purpose of a protective brief in (corporate law) interim legal protection?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>The protective brief is not an offensive instrument, but a preventive means of defense. It ensures that the court does not only hear one side in summary proceedings and prevents corporate power shifts from being enforced solely through speed and surprise. <\/p>\n<p>A protective brief serves to inform the court in advance about the counterarguments of the potentially affected party if it is expected that the opposing side will apply for interim legal protection. In summary proceedings \u2013 especially for injunctions \u2013 the court often decides without a prior hearing of the opposing side. The protective brief is intended to prevent exactly this or at least mitigate it.  <\/p>\n<p>The purpose of the protective brief is to make it clear to the court that the facts are disputed, legally complex, and not ready for decision in a unilateral proceeding. It can contribute to avoiding an ex-parte decision, gaining time for an orderly legal dispute, and reducing negotiation pressure. <\/p>\n<p>In corporate law, the protective brief is particularly relevant for imminent:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>injunctions in connection with redemption resolutions,<\/li>\n<li>exclusions of voting rights or removals of managing directors,<\/li>\n<li>prohibitions of shareholder resolutions,<\/li>\n<li>measures for register blocking or commercial register filings,<\/li>\n<li>disputes over management or representation authority,<\/li>\n<li>conflicts arising from competition or loyalty duties between shareholders,<\/li>\n<li>disputes in connection with exit regulations, call options, and drag-along and tag-along rights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_15 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">What role do forensic investigations play in commercial disputes, and how are they meaningfully used?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>Forensics and investigations are not an exceptional instrument in business life, but a strategic means of dispute resolution. They create transparency, reduce uncertainties, and contribute to legal decisions being based not solely on assertions, but on verifiable facts. <\/p>\n<p>In commercial disputes, complex facts, internal processes, or suspicions are often at issue that cannot be understood solely from contracts or formal documents. This concerns, for example, conflicts in connection with M&A transactions, earn-out disputes, managing director or officer liability, competition and compliance violations, internal fraud allegations, or disputes between business partners. <\/p>\n<p>In such constellations, the involvement of forensic specialists and investigators can be useful to create a resilient factual basis. Forensic investigations serve the structured clarification of economic, technical, or organizational processes, for example by analyzing payment flows, communication data, contract implementations, or internal decision-making processes. The goal is not the mere confirmation of an allegation, but an objective reconstruction of the actual events.  <\/p>\n<p>The findings obtained are then incorporated into the legal and procedural assessment. They can be decisive for substantiating or defending claims, developing evidence strategies, realistically assessing settlement margins, or showing courts that a matter is disputed, complex, or still in need of clarification. Especially in summary or interim proceedings, forensically supported submissions can help avoid premature decisions based on an uncertain factual basis.  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_16 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">When do debt recovery and compulsory enforcement become legally complex, especially in international constellations?<\/h5><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix et_flex_module\"><p>Debt recovery and enforcement are particularly demanding legally when they go beyond the pure national standard case. Complexity arises especially in cross-border matters, multiple debtors, nested corporate structures, asset shifts, or enforcement from foreign titles. Questions of recognition and declaration of enforceability of foreign decisions, access to assets in different legal systems, or the coordination of parallel measures in several jurisdictions also significantly increase the legal requirements.  <\/p>\n<p>Added to this are constellations in which debtors specifically complicate enforcement measures, for example through asset shifting, situations close to insolvency, or the use of holding, trust, or special purpose vehicle structures. In such cases, a strategic interlocking of procedural action, international procedural law, and actual asset investigation is required to effectively enforce or secure claims. <\/p>\n<p>Debt recovery is not a purely mechanical execution, but in complex or international cases a strategic legal enforcement in which legal, economic, and factual aspects must be brought together to achieve sustainable results.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_7 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\" id=\"termincta\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_11 et_pb_row et_flex_row\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_28 et_pb_column et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_12_24 et_flex_column_12_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_36 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>When negotiation is not enough. <em>Our work begins.<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>We analyze your dispute situation confidentially and state the prospects of success and strategy \u2014 before you commit.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_29 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_12_24 et_flex_column_12_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_button_module_wrapper et_pb_button_0_wrapper\"><a class=\"et_pb_button_0 et_pb_button et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/kontakt\/\" data-icon=\"$\">Arrange initial consultation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_section_8 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section et-interaction-target-d15abcfm68\" data-interaction-target=\"d15abcfm68\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_12 et_pb_row et_flex_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_30 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_24_24 et_flex_column_24_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\"><div class=\"et_pb_group_0 et_pb_group et-last-child et_pb_module et_flex_group et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_icon_0 et_pb_icon et-interaction-target-zpw14h9bbl et_pb_module et_flex_module\" data-interaction-trigger=\"jegdx1azv4\" data-interaction-target=\"zpw14h9bbl\"><span class=\"et_pb_icon_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">Q<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_video_2 et_pb_video et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_video_box\"><video controls><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/QANDA-002-v2-LINKEDIN.mp4\" \/><\/video><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_video_overlay\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/NIKITA-THUMBNAIL-scaled.png)\"><div class=\"et_pb_video_overlay_hover\"><a class=\"et_pb_video_play\" href=\"#\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_section_9 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section et-interaction-target-duo5fhwg6x\" data-interaction-target=\"duo5fhwg6x\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_13 et_pb_row et_flex_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_31 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_24_24 et_flex_column_24_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\"><div class=\"et_pb_group_1 et_pb_group et-last-child et_pb_module et_flex_group et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough\"><div class=\"et_pb_icon_1 et_pb_icon et-interaction-target-ys0zftor5m et_pb_module et_flex_module\" data-interaction-trigger=\"49olgr1a7k\" data-interaction-target=\"ys0zftor5m\"><span class=\"et_pb_icon_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">Q<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_video_3 et_pb_video et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_video_box\"><video controls><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/D7-07-I-N-REEL-003-KRIEG.mp4\" \/><\/video><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_video_overlay\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.gxglegal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/VERTRAUEN.png)\"><div class=\"et_pb_video_overlay_hover\"><a class=\"et_pb_video_play\" href=\"#\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5339","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Litigation - GxG Legal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Enforcement of your claims &amp; 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